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AOBPreview published online on March 10, 2005
Annals of Botany, doi:10.1093/aob/mci112
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Received October 20, 2004
Revised January 7, 2005
Accepted January 24, 2005

Article

Differentiation of Terminal Latewood Tracheids in Silver Fir Trees During Autumn

JOZICA GRICAR 1, KATARINA CUFAR 1*, PRIMOZ OVEN 1, and UWE SCHMITT 2

1 University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Rozna dolina, Cesta VIII/34, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
2 Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products and University of Hamburg, Leuschnerstr. 91, D-21031 Hamburg, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
KATARINA CUFAR, E-mail: katarina.cufar{at}bf.uni-lj.si


  Abstract

• Background and Aims The differentiation of terminal latewood tracheids of silver fir (Abies alba) trees grown in Slovenia was investigated in autumn/winter 2001/2002.

• Methods The experimental trees were divided into three groups: one with narrow annual rings, width less than 1 mm; one with annual ring widths between 1 and 4 mm; and one group with broad rings larger than 4 mm. The differentiation of terminal latewood tracheids was investigated by light-, electron- and UV-microscopy in tissues sampled in October and November 2001 and March 2002.

• Key Results In the middle of October, cambial divisions did not occur any more in any of the trees. In trees with narrow annual rings, cell wall deposition as well as lignification were completed in terminal latewood tracheids at this date, whereas in trees with annual ring widths of more than 1 mm these processes still continued. Electron microscopy as well as UV microscopy revealed an unlignified inner S2 layer and the absence of S3 and warty layers. With increasing distance from the cambium, wall formation and lignification gradually appeared to be completed. Samples of all trees taken in the middle of November only contained differentiated terminal latewood tracheids. At the structural and lignin topochemical level, November and March samples showed completed differentiation of walls of terminal latewood tracheids.

• Conclusions In trees with broader annual rings, the final steps of differentiation of the youngest latewood tracheids near the cambium still continued during autumn, but were finished prior to winter. It was concluded from structural observations that duration of cambial activity is longer in trees with broad annual rings than in trees with narrow rings.

Keywords: Silver fir (Abies alba), latewood tracheids, cell wall structure, autumn differentiation, lignification, light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV-microspectrophotometry.
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