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AOBPreview published online on September 6, 2005
Annals of Botany, doi:10.1093/aob/mci261
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received April 26, 2005
Revised July 6, 2005
Accepted July 27, 2005

Article

Oxaziclomefone, a New Herbicide, Inhibits Wall Expansion in Maize Cell-cultures without Affecting Polysaccharide Biosynthesis, Xyloglucan Transglycosylation, Peroxidase Action or Apoplastic Ascorbate Oxidation

NICHOLA O'LOONEY 1 and STEPHEN C. FRY 2*

1 The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Daniel Rutherford Building, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, UK; Present address: Scottish Centre for Genomic Technology and Informatics, University of Edinburgh Medical School, The Chancellor's Building, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
2 The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Daniel Rutherford Building, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, UK

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
STEPHEN C. FRY, E-mail: s.fry{at}ed.ac.uk


  Abstract

• Background and Aims Oxaziclomefone (OAC), a new herbicide, inhibits cell expansion, especially in roots and cell-cultures of gramineous monocots. OAC does not affect turgor in cultured maize cells, and must therefore inhibit wall-loosening or promote wall-tightening.

• Methods The effects of OAC in living cultured maize cells on various biochemical processes thought to influence wall extension were studied.

• Key Results OAC did not affect 14C-incorporation from D-[U-14C]glucose into the major sugar residues of the cell wall (cellulosic glucose, non-cellulosic glucose, arabinose, xylose, galactose, mannose or uronic acids). OAC had no effect on 14C-incorporation from trans-[U-14C]cinnamate into wall-bound ferulate or its oxidative coupling- products. OAC did not influence the secretion or in-vivo action of peroxidase or xyloglucan endotransglucosylase activities--proposed wall-tightening and -loosening activities, respectively. The herbicide did not affect the consumption of extracellular L-ascorbate, an apoplastic solute proposed to act as an antioxidant and/or to generate wall-loosening hydroxyl radicals.

• Conclusions OAC decreased wall extensibility without influencing the synthesis or post-synthetic modification of major architectural wall components, or the redox environment of the apoplast. The possible value of OAC as a probe to explore aspects of primary cell wall physiology is discussed.

Keywords: Oxaziclomefone, herbicide, cell expansion, wall loosening, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH), peroxidase, vitamin C, Gramineae.
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