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AOBPreview published online on May 4, 2006
Annals of Botany, doi:10.1093/aob/mcl081
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received October 31, 2005
Revised January 30, 2006
Accepted March 9, 2006

Article

Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) and Phylogenetic Analysis of Floral Genes from a Paleoherb Species, Asarum caudigerum

YINHE ZHAO 1, GUOYING WANG 2, JINPENG ZHANG 2, JUNBO YANG 3, SHANG PENG 3, LIANMING GAO 3, CHENGYUN LI 4, JINYONG HU 5, DEZHU LI 3 *, and LIZHI GAO 6

1 Laboratory of Biodiversity and Plant Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 10-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linn0094, China; College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 10-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linn0094, China
3 Laboratory of Biodiversity and Plant Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
4 College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
5 Max-Plancke Weg 10, Koeln 50829, Germany
6 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
DEZHU LI, E-mail: dzl{at}mail.kib.ac.cn


  Abstract

• Background and Aims Asarum caudigerum (Aristolochiaceae) is an important species of paleoherb in relation to understanding the origin and evolution of angiosperm flowers, due to its basal position in the angiosperms. The aim of this study was to isolate floral-related genes from A. caudigerum, and to infer evolutionary relationships among florally expression-related genes, to further illustrate the origin and diversification of flowers in angiosperms.

• Methods A subtracted floral cDNA library was constructed from floral buds using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). The cDNA of floral buds and leaves at the seedling stage were used as a tester and a driver, respectively. To further identify the function of putative MADS-box transcription factors, phylogenetic trees were reconstructed in order to infer evolutionary relationships within the MADS-box gene family.

• Key Results In the forward-subtracted floral cDNA library, 1920 clones were randomly sequenced, from which 567 unique expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained. Among them, 127 genes failed to show significant similarity to any published sequences in GenBank and thus are putatively novel genes.

• Conclusions Phylogenetic analysis indicated that a total of 29 MADS-box transcription factors were members of the APETALA3(AP3) subfamily, while nine others were putative MADS-box transcription factors that formed a cluster with MADS-box genes isolated from Amborella, the basal-most angiosperm, and those from the gymnosperms. This suggests that the origin of A. caudigerum is intermediate between the angiosperms and gymnosperms.

Keywords: Expressed sequence tags (ESTs), Asarum caudigerum, floral genes, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), MADS-box gene, phylogenetic reconstruction.
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