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AOBPreview published online on October 11, 2006
Annals of Botany, doi:10.1093/aob/mcl194
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received February 19, 2006
Revised April 13, 2006
Accepted July 26, 2006

Article

Morphological and Physiological Responses of Rice (Oryza sativa) to Limited Phosphorus Supply in Aerated and Stagnant Solution Culture

N. INSALUD 1 *, R. W. BELL 2, T. D. COLMER 3, and B. RERKASEM 1

1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
2 School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
3 School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
N. INSALUD, E-mail: nedins{at}hotmail.com


  Abstract

• Background and Aims Rain-fed lowland rice commonly encounters stresses from fluctuating water regimes and nutrient deficiency. Roots have to acquire both oxygen and nutrients under adverse conditions while also acclimating to changes in soil-water regime. This study assessed responses of rice roots to low phosphorus supply in aerated and stagnant nutrient solution.

• Methods Rice (Oryza sativa ‘Amaroo’) was grown in aerated solution with high P (200 µM) for 14 d, then transferred to high or low (1·6 µM) P supply in aerated or stagnant solution for up to 8 d.

• Key Results After only 1 d in stagnant conditions, root radial oxygen loss (ROL) had decreased by 90 % in subapical zones, whereas near the tip ROL was maintained. After 4 d in stagnant conditions, maximum root length was 11 % less, and after 8 d, shoot growth was 25 % less, compared with plants in aerated solution. The plants in stagnant solution had up to 19 % more adventitious roots, 24 % greater root porosity and 26 % higher root/shoot ratio. Rice in low P supply had fewer tillers in both stagnant and aerated conditions. After 1-2 d in stagnant solution, relative P uptake declined, especially at low P supply. Aerated roots at low P supply maintained relative P uptake for 4 d, after which uptake decreased to the same levels as in stagnant solution.

• Conclusions Roots responded rapidly to oxygen deficiency with decreased ROL in subapical zones within 1-2 d, indicating induction of a barrier to ROL, and these changes in ROL occurred at least 2 d before any changes in root morphology, porosity or anatomy were evident. Relative P uptake also decreased under oxygen deficiency, showing that a sudden decline in root-zone oxygen adversely affects P nutrition of rice.

Keywords: Aerenchyma, phosphorus deficiency, phosphorus uptake, radial oxygen loss, rain-fed lowland rice, respiration, root morphology, root porosity, stagnant solution.
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