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AOBPreview published online on July 15, 2007
Annals of Botany, doi:10.1093/aob/mcm129
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© 2007 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

A Phylogenetic Analysis Based on Nucleotide Sequence of a Marker Linked to the Brittle Rachis Locus Indicates a Diphyletic Origin of Barley

Perumal Azhaguvel and Takao Komatsuda*

National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan

* For correspondence. E-mail takao{at}affrc.go.jp

Received: 4 December 2006    Returned for revision: 11 April 2007    Accepted: 22 May 2007   

Background and Aims: Barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) cultivation started between 9500 and 8400 years ago, and was a major part of ancient agriculture in the Near East. The brittle rachis is a critical trait in the domestication process.

Methods: A DNA sequence closely linked to the brittle rachis complex was amplified and resequenced in a collection of cultivated barleys, wild barleys (H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum) and weedy brittle rachis varieties (H. vulgare ssp. vulgare var. agriocrithon). The sequence was used to construct a phylogenetic tree.

Key Results: The phylogeny separated the W- (btr1-carrying) from the E- (btr2-carrying) cultivars. The wild barleys had a high sequence diversity and were distributed throughout the W- and E-clades. Some of the Tibetan var. agriocrithon lines were closely related to the E-type and others to the W-type cultivated barleys, but an Israeli var. agriocrithon line has a complex origin.

Conclusions: The results are consistent with a diphyletic origin of barley. The W- and E-type cultivars are assumed to have evolved from previously diverged wild barley via independent mutations at Btr1 and Btr2.

Key words: Hordeum vulgare, cultivated barley, wild barley, weedy barley, var. agriocrithon, btr1, btr2, domestication, evolution


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