AOBPreview published online on August 8, 2007
Annals of Botany, doi:10.1093/aob/mcm144
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Chromosome Numbers and Genome Size Variation in Indian Species of Curcuma (Zingiberaceae)
korni
ková1,4,*ída2
Fér1ek1,3
1 Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, Prague 2, CZ-128 01, Czech Republic
2 Department of Botany, National Museum in Prague, Zámek 1, Pr
honice, CZ-252 43, Czech Republic
3 Botanical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Zámek 1, Prhonice, CZ- 252 43, Czech Republic
4 Department of Botany, Calicut University P.O., 673635, Kerala, India
* For correspondence. Current address: The Herbarium, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Cluny Road 1, 259569, Singapore. E-mail jana_skornickova{at}seznam.cz
Received: 1 February 2007 Returned for revision: 5 March 2007 Accepted: 15 May 2007
Background and Aims: Genome size and chromosome numbers are important cytological characters that significantly influence various organismal traits. However, geographical representation of these data is seriously unbalanced, with tropical and subtropical regions being largely neglected. In the present study, an investigation was made of chromosomal and genome size variation in the majority of Curcuma species from the Indian subcontinent, and an assessment was made of the value of these data for taxonomic purposes.
Methods: Genome size of 161 homogeneously cultivated plant samples classified into 51 taxonomic entities was determined by propidium iodide flow cytometry. Chromosome numbers were counted in actively growing root tips using conventional rapid squash techniques.
Key Results: Six different chromosome counts (2n = 22, 42, 63, >70, 77 and 105) were found, the last two representing new generic records. The 2C-values varied from 1·66 pg in C. vamana to 4·76 pg in C. oligantha, representing a 2·87-fold range. Three groups of taxa with significantly different homoploid genome sizes (Cx-values) and distinct geographical distribution were identified. Five species exhibited intraspecific variation in nuclear DNA content, reaching up to 15·1 % in cultivated C. longa. Chromosome counts and genome sizes of three Curcuma-like species (Hitchenia caulina, Kaempferia scaposa and Paracautleya bhatii) corresponded well with typical hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) Curcuma spp.
Conclusions: The basic chromosome number in the majority of Indian taxa (belonging to subgenus Curcuma) is x = 7; published counts correspond to 6x, 9x, 11x, 12x and 15x ploidy levels. Only a few species-specific C-values were found, but karyological and/or flow cytometric data may support taxonomic decisions in some species alliances with morphological similarities. Close evolutionary relationships among some cytotypes are suggested based on the similarity in homoploid genome sizes and geographical grouping. A new species combination, Curcuma scaposa (Nimmo) kornik. & M. Sabu, comb. nov., is proposed.
Key words: Chromosome number, Curcuma, cytology, DNA C-value, flow cytometry, genome size, India, intraspecific variation, polyploidy, taxonomy