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AOBPreview published online on June 26, 2008
Annals of Botany, doi:10.1093/aob/mcn100
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Plant Mitochondrial Function During Anaerobiosis

Abir U. Igamberdiev1 and Robert D. Hill2,*

1 Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada, A1B 3X9
2 Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N2

* For correspondence. E-mail rhill{at}cc.umanitoba.ca

Received: 28 March 2008    Returned for revision: 29 April 2008    Accepted: 21 May 2008   

Background: Under hypoxic conditions, plant mitochondria preserve the capacity to oxidize external NADH, NADPH and tricarboxylic acid cycle substrates. Nitrite serves as an alternative electron acceptor at the level of cytochrome oxidase, with possibly complex III and the alternative oxidase also being involved. Nitric oxide is a significant product of the reaction, which has a high affinity for cytochrome c oxidase, inhibiting it. The excess NO is scavenged by hypoxically induced class 1 haemoglobin in the reaction involving ascorbate.

Scope: By using nitrite, mitochondria retain a limited capacity for ATP synthesis. NADH, produced from glycolysis during anaerobiosis and oxidized in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, should shift the composition of metabolites formed during anaerobiosis with increased conversion of pyruvate to alanine and greater involvement of other transamination reactions, such as those involving {gamma}-aminobutyric acid formation.

Conclusions: Anaerobic mitochondrial metabolism may have a more significant role than previously thought in alleviating the effects of anoxia on plant cells. There is a need to re-examine mitochondrial carbon and nitrogen metabolism under anoxia to establish the extent of this involvement.

Key words: Electron transport, haemoglobin, hypoxia, mitochondria, nitric oxide, nitrite reduction


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