AOBPreview first published online on October 7, 2008
This version published online on October 17, 2008
Annals of Botany, doi:10.1093/aob/mcn188
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A Unifying Concept for the Dependence of Whole-crop N : P Ratio on Biomass: Theory and Experiment
1 Warwick-HRI, Warwick University, Wellesbourne, Warwick, UK
2 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Tennessee, USA
3 Department Environmental and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
4 Institute of Agronomy, University of Perugia, Italy
5 Agrochemistry Laboratory, All-Russian Research Institute of Agriculture for the Protection of Soil from Erosion, Kursk, Russia
* For correspondence. E-mail d.greenwood{at}warwick.ac.uk or duncangreenwood2{at}tiscali.co.uk
Received: 16 July 2008 Returned for revision: 12 August 2008 Accepted: 19 August 2008
Background and Aims: Numerous estimates have been made of the concentrations of N and P required for good growth of crop species but they have not been defined by any unifying model. The aim of the present study was to develop such a model for the dependence of the N : P ratio on crop mass, to test its validity and to use it to identify elements of similarity between different crop species and wild plants.
Methods: A model was derived between plant N : P ratio (Rw) and its dry biomass per unit area (W) during growth with near optimum nutrition by considering that plants consist of growth-related tissue and storage-related tissue with N : P ratios Rg and Rs, respectively. Testing and calibration against experimental data on different crop species led to a simple equation between Rw and W which was tested against independent experimental data.
Key Results: The validity of the model and equation was supported by 365 measurements of Rw in 38 field experiments on crops. Rg and Rs remained approximately constant throughout growth, with average values of 11·8 and 5·8 by mass. The model also approximately predicted the relationships between leaf N and P concentrations in 124 advisory estimates on immature tissues and in 385 wild species from published global surveys.
Conclusions: The N : P ratio of the biomass of very different crops, during growth with near optimum levels of nutrients, is defined entirely in terms of crop biomass, an average N : P ratio of the storage/structure-related tissue of the crop and an average N : P ratio of the growth-related tissue. The latter is similar to that found in leaves of many wild plant species, and even micro-organisms and terrestrial and freshwater autotrophs.
Key words: Biomass, growth rate, model, N : P ratio, plant allometry, plant mass, stoichiometry