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AOBPreview published online on February 5, 2009
Annals of Botany, doi:10.1093/aob/mcp012
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Proteomic identification of small, copper-responsive proteins in germinating embryos of Oryza sativa

Hongxiao Zhang1, Chunlan Lian2 and Zhenguo Shen1,*

1 College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
2 Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-8 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan

* For correspondence. E-mail zgshen{at}njau.edu.cn

Received: 2 June 2008    Returned for revision: 3 November 2008    Accepted: 15 December 2008   

Background and Aims: Although copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for plants and algae, excess Cu is toxic to most plants and can cause a wide range of deleterious effects. To investigate the response of rice (Oryza sativa) to Cu stress, a proteomic approach was used to analyse Cu stress-induced changes in the expression of low molecular-weight proteins in germinating rice seed embryos.

Methods: Rice seeds were germinated in the presence or absence of 200 µM Cu for 6 d, and embryos, including newly formed shoots and radicles, were isolated. After proteins were extracted from the germinating embryos and separated by two-dimensional PAGE, 16 proteins in the 6- to 25-kDa range were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

Key Results and Conclusions: Thirteen of the proteins identified, including metallothionein-like protein, membrane-associated protein-like protein, putative wall-associated protein kinase, pathogenesis-related proteins and the putative small GTP-binding protein Rab2, were up-regulated by Cu stress. Three proteins, a putative small cytochrome P450 (CYP90D2), a putative thioredoxin and a putative GTPase, were down-regulated by Cu stress. As far as is known, this study provides the first proteomic evidence that metallothionein and CYP90D2 are Cu-responsive proteins in plants. These findings may lead to a better understanding of plant molecular responses to toxic metal exposure.

Key words: Copper, metallothionein, rice, Oryza sativa, proteomics, seed germination


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